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Threshold Voltage CMOS Formula

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Threshold voltage is the minimum input voltage required to switch a semiconductor device, such as a transistor, from its non-conducting to its conducting state, initiating the desired operation. Check FAQs

V th = \frac{V T0,n + \sqrt{\frac{1}{K r}} \cdot (V DD + (V T0,p))}{1 + \sqrt{\frac{1}{K r}}}

V_th - Threshold Voltage?V_T0,n - Threshold Voltage of NMOS Without Body Bias?K_r - Transconductance Ratio?V_DD - Supply Voltage?V_T0,p - Threshold Voltage of PMOS Without Body Bias?

Threshold Voltage CMOS Example

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Here is how the Threshold Voltage CMOS equation looks like with Values.

Here is how the Threshold Voltage CMOS equation looks like with Units.

Here is how the Threshold Voltage CMOS equation looks like.

1.3749 = \frac{0.6 + \sqrt{\frac{1}{2.5}} \cdot (3.3 + (-0.7))}{1 + \sqrt{\frac{1}{2.5}}}

1.3749V = \frac{0.6V + \sqrt{\frac{1}{2.5}} \cdot (3.3V + (-0.7V))}{1 + \sqrt{\frac{1}{2.5}}}

1.3749 = \frac{0.6 + \sqrt{\frac{1}{2.5}} \cdot (3.3 + (-0.7))}{1 + \sqrt{\frac{1}{2.5}}}

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Threshold Voltage CMOS Solution

Follow our step by step solution on how to calculate Threshold Voltage CMOS?

FIRST Step Consider the formula

V th = \frac{V T0,n + \sqrt{\frac{1}{K r}} \cdot (V DD + (V T0,p))}{1 + \sqrt{\frac{1}{K r}}}

Next Step Substitute values of Variables

∴

V th = \frac{0.6V + \sqrt{\frac{1}{2.5}} \cdot (3.3V + (-0.7V))}{1 + \sqrt{\frac{1}{2.5}}}

Next Step Prepare to Evaluate

∴

V th = \frac{0.6 + \sqrt{\frac{1}{2.5}} \cdot (3.3 + (-0.7))}{1 + \sqrt{\frac{1}{2.5}}}

Next Step Evaluate

∴

V th = 1.37485177344559V

LAST Step Rounding Answer

∴

V th = 1.3749V

Threshold Voltage CMOS Formula Elements

Variables

Functions

Threshold Voltage

Threshold voltage is the minimum input voltage required to switch a semiconductor device, such as a transistor, from its non-conducting to its conducting state, initiating the desired operation.

Symbol: V_th

Measurement: Electric PotentialUnit: V

Note: Value should be greater than 0.

Formulas to find Threshold Voltage

Threshold Voltage of NMOS Without Body Bias

Threshold voltage of NMOS without body bias is the minimum input voltage required to switch an NMOS transistor when no additional bias voltage is applied to the substrate (body).

Symbol: V_T0,n

Measurement: Electric PotentialUnit: V

Note: Value should be greater than 0.

Formulas to find Threshold Voltage of NMOS Without Body Bias

Transconductance Ratio

Transconductance ratio is the ratio of the transconductance of one device (e.g., transistor) to another, often used to compare or characterize their performance or behavior in circuits.

Symbol: K_r

Measurement: NAUnit: Unitless

Note: Value should be greater than 0.

Formulas to find Transconductance Ratio

Supply Voltage

Supply voltage refers to the voltage level provided by a power source to an electrical circuit or device, serving as the potential difference for current flow and operation.

Symbol: V_DD

Measurement: Electric PotentialUnit: V

Note: Value should be greater than 0.

Formulas to find Supply Voltage

Threshold Voltage of PMOS Without Body Bias

Threshold Voltage of PMOS Without Body Bias CMOS is defined as the threshold voltage of the PMOS when substrate terminal is at ground (0) voltage.

Symbol: V_T0,p

Measurement: Electric PotentialUnit: V

Note: Value should be between -10 to 0.

Formulas to find Threshold Voltage of PMOS Without Body Bias

sqrt

A square root function is a function that takes a non-negative number as an input and returns the square root of the given input number.

Syntax: sqrt(Number)

Other formulas in CMOS Inverters category

Go Noise Margin for High Signal CMOS

N MH = V OH - V IH

Go Maximum Input Voltage for Symmetric CMOS

V IL(sym) = \frac{3 \cdot V DD + 2 \cdot V T0,n}{8}

Go Maximum Input Voltage CMOS

V IL = \frac{2 \cdot V output + (V T0,p) - V DD + K r \cdot V T0,n}{1 + K r}

Go Minimum Input Voltage CMOS

V IH = \frac{V DD + (V T0,p) + K r \cdot (2 \cdot V out + V T0,n)}{1 + K r}

How to Evaluate Threshold Voltage CMOS?

Threshold Voltage CMOS evaluator uses Threshold Voltage = (Threshold Voltage of NMOS Without Body Bias+sqrt(1/Transconductance Ratio)*(Supply Voltage+(Threshold Voltage of PMOS Without Body Bias)))/(1+sqrt(1/Transconductance Ratio)) to evaluate the Threshold Voltage, Threshold Voltage CMOS refers to the minimum voltage applied to the gate terminal of a MOSFET required to establish a conducting channel between the source and drain terminals. It determines the device's on/off state and influences its switching characteristics and overall performance in digital circuits. Threshold Voltage is denoted by V_th symbol.

How to evaluate Threshold Voltage CMOS using this online evaluator? To use this online evaluator for Threshold Voltage CMOS, enter Threshold Voltage of NMOS Without Body Bias (V_T0,n), Transconductance Ratio (K_r), Supply Voltage (V_DD) & Threshold Voltage of PMOS Without Body Bias (V_T0,p) and hit the calculate button.

FAQs on Threshold Voltage CMOS

What is the formula to find Threshold Voltage CMOS?

The formula of Threshold Voltage CMOS is expressed as Threshold Voltage = (Threshold Voltage of NMOS Without Body Bias+sqrt(1/Transconductance Ratio)*(Supply Voltage+(Threshold Voltage of PMOS Without Body Bias)))/(1+sqrt(1/Transconductance Ratio)). Here is an example- 1.374852 = (0.6+sqrt(1/2.5)*(3.3+((-0.7))))/(1+sqrt(1/2.5)).

How to calculate Threshold Voltage CMOS?

With Threshold Voltage of NMOS Without Body Bias (V_T0,n), Transconductance Ratio (K_r), Supply Voltage (V_DD) & Threshold Voltage of PMOS Without Body Bias (V_T0,p) we can find Threshold Voltage CMOS using the formula - Threshold Voltage = (Threshold Voltage of NMOS Without Body Bias+sqrt(1/Transconductance Ratio)*(Supply Voltage+(Threshold Voltage of PMOS Without Body Bias)))/(1+sqrt(1/Transconductance Ratio)). This formula also uses Square Root Function function(s).

Can the Threshold Voltage CMOS be negative?

No, the Threshold Voltage CMOS, measured in Electric Potential cannot be negative.

Which unit is used to measure Threshold Voltage CMOS?

Threshold Voltage CMOS is usually measured using the Volt[V] for Electric Potential. Millivolt[V], Microvolt[V], Nanovolt[V] are the few other units in which Threshold Voltage CMOS can be measured.

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Threshold Voltage CMOS Formula

Threshold Voltage CMOS Example

Threshold Voltage CMOS Solution

Threshold Voltage CMOS Formula Elements

Other formulas in CMOS Inverters category

How to Evaluate Threshold Voltage CMOS?

FAQs on Threshold Voltage CMOS

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