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Skip Distance Formula

GoPropagation Distance Formula

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Skip distance is defined as the distance b/w transmitting antenna and a point where that wave is first received after reflection from ionosphere. Check FAQs

P d = 2 \cdot h ref \cdot \sqrt{{(\frac{F muf}{f c})}^{2} - 1}

P_d - Skip Distance?h_ref - Reflection Height?F_muf - Maximum Usable Frequency?f_c - Critical Frequency?

Skip Distance Example

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Here is how the Skip Distance equation looks like with Values.

Here is how the Skip Distance equation looks like with Units.

Here is how the Skip Distance equation looks like.

21714.281 = 2 \cdot 1170 \cdot \sqrt{{(\frac{420}{45})}^{2} - 1}

21714.281m = 2 \cdot 1170m \cdot \sqrt{{(\frac{420Hz}{45Hz})}^{2} - 1}

21714.281 = 2 \cdot 1170 \cdot \sqrt{{(\frac{420}{45})}^{2} - 1}

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Skip Distance Solution

Follow our step by step solution on how to calculate Skip Distance?

FIRST Step Consider the formula

P d = 2 \cdot h ref \cdot \sqrt{{(\frac{F muf}{f c})}^{2} - 1}

Next Step Substitute values of Variables

∴

P d = 2 \cdot 1170m \cdot \sqrt{{(\frac{420Hz}{45Hz})}^{2} - 1}

Next Step Prepare to Evaluate

∴

P d = 2 \cdot 1170 \cdot \sqrt{{(\frac{420}{45})}^{2} - 1}

Next Step Evaluate

∴

P d = 21714.2810150371m

LAST Step Rounding Answer

∴

P d = 21714.281m

Skip Distance Formula Elements

Variables

Functions

Skip Distance

Skip distance is defined as the distance b/w transmitting antenna and a point where that wave is first received after reflection from ionosphere.

Symbol: P_d

Measurement: LengthUnit: m

Note: Value should be greater than 0.

Formulas to find Skip Distance

Reflection Height

Reflection Height refers to the effective altitude at which an electromagnetic wave is reflected or refracted by the ionosphere during long-distance radio propagation.

Symbol: h_ref

Measurement: LengthUnit: m

Note: Value should be greater than 0.

Formulas to find Reflection Height

Maximum Usable Frequency

Maximum Usable frequency is the highest radio frequency that can be used for transmission between two points via reflection from the ionosphere.

Symbol: F_muf

Measurement: FrequencyUnit: Hz

Note: Value can be positive or negative.

Formulas to find Maximum Usable Frequency

Critical Frequency

Critical frequency is the highest magnitude of frequency above which the waves penetrate the ionosphere and below which the waves are reflected back from the ionosphere.

Symbol: f_c

Measurement: FrequencyUnit: Hz

Note: Value should be greater than 0.

Formulas to find Critical Frequency

sqrt

A square root function is a function that takes a non-negative number as an input and returns the square root of the given input number.

Syntax: sqrt(Number)

Other Formulas to find Skip Distance

Go Propagation Distance

P d = 2 \cdot h \cdot \sqrt{(\frac{{F muf}^{2}}{{f c}^{2}}) - 1}

Other formulas in Wave Propagation category

Go Critical Frequency of Ionosphere

F c = 9 \cdot \sqrt{N max}

Go Electron Density

N max = \frac{(1 - {η r}^{2}) \cdot {f o}^{2}}{81}

Go Refractive Index of Ionosphere

η r = \sqrt{1 - (\frac{81 \cdot N max}{{f o}^{2}})}

Go Maximum Usable Frequency in F-region

F muf = \frac{f c}{\cos (θ i)}

How to Evaluate Skip Distance?

Skip Distance evaluator uses Skip Distance = 2*Reflection Height*sqrt((Maximum Usable Frequency/Critical Frequency)^2-1) to evaluate the Skip Distance, The Skip Distance is defined as the minimum distance between the earth’s surface and the radio signal’s transmission point. Skip Distance is denoted by P_d symbol.

How to evaluate Skip Distance using this online evaluator? To use this online evaluator for Skip Distance, enter Reflection Height (h_ref), Maximum Usable Frequency (F_muf) & Critical Frequency (f_c) and hit the calculate button.

FAQs on Skip Distance

What is the formula to find Skip Distance?

The formula of Skip Distance is expressed as Skip Distance = 2*Reflection Height*sqrt((Maximum Usable Frequency/Critical Frequency)^2-1). Here is an example- 21714.28 = 2*1170*sqrt((420/45)^2-1).

How to calculate Skip Distance?

With Reflection Height (h_ref), Maximum Usable Frequency (F_muf) & Critical Frequency (f_c) we can find Skip Distance using the formula - Skip Distance = 2*Reflection Height*sqrt((Maximum Usable Frequency/Critical Frequency)^2-1). This formula also uses Square Root (sqrt) function(s).

What are the other ways to Calculate Skip Distance?

Here are the different ways to Calculate Skip Distance-

Skip Distance=2*Ionospheric Layer Height*sqrt((Maximum Usable Frequency^2/Critical Frequency^2)-1)

Can the Skip Distance be negative?

No, the Skip Distance, measured in Length cannot be negative.

Which unit is used to measure Skip Distance?

Skip Distance is usually measured using the Meter[m] for Length. Millimeter[m], Kilometer[m], Decimeter[m] are the few other units in which Skip Distance can be measured.

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Skip Distance Formula

​GoPropagation Distance Formula

Skip Distance Example

Skip Distance Solution

Skip Distance Formula Elements

Other Formulas to find Skip Distance

Other formulas in Wave Propagation category

How to Evaluate Skip Distance?

FAQs on Skip Distance

Variable Name

GoPropagation Distance Formula