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Refractive Index of Ionosphere Formula

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The refractive index is the measure of bending of a light ray when passing from one medium to another. Check FAQs

η r = \sqrt{1 - (\frac{81 \cdot N max}{{f o}^{2}})}

η_r - Refractive Index?N_max - Electron Density?f_o - Operating Frequency?

Refractive Index of Ionosphere Example

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Here is how the Refractive Index of Ionosphere equation looks like with Values.

Here is how the Refractive Index of Ionosphere equation looks like with Units.

Here is how the Refractive Index of Ionosphere equation looks like.

0.9055 = \sqrt{1 - (\frac{81 \cdot 2E+10}{{3E+9}^{2}})}

0.9055 = \sqrt{1 - (\frac{81 \cdot 2E+101/cm³}{{3E+9Hz}^{2}})}

0.9055 = \sqrt{1 - (\frac{81 \cdot 2E+10}{{3E+9}^{2}})}

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Refractive Index of Ionosphere Solution

Follow our step by step solution on how to calculate Refractive Index of Ionosphere?

FIRST Step Consider the formula

η r = \sqrt{1 - (\frac{81 \cdot N max}{{f o}^{2}})}

Next Step Substitute values of Variables

∴

η r = \sqrt{1 - (\frac{81 \cdot 2E+101/cm³}{{3E+9Hz}^{2}})}

Next Step Convert Units

∴

η r = \sqrt{1 - (\frac{81 \cdot 2E+161/m³}{{3E+9Hz}^{2}})}

Next Step Prepare to Evaluate

∴

η r = \sqrt{1 - (\frac{81 \cdot 2E+16}{{3E+9}^{2}})}

Next Step Evaluate

∴

η r = 0.905538513813742

LAST Step Rounding Answer

∴

η r = 0.9055

Refractive Index of Ionosphere Formula Elements

Variables

Functions

Refractive Index

The refractive index is the measure of bending of a light ray when passing from one medium to another.

Symbol: η_r

Measurement: NAUnit: Unitless

Note: Value can be positive or negative.

Formulas to find Refractive Index

Electron Density

Electron Density refers to the concentration or number of electrons per unit volume in a given material or medium.

Symbol: N_max

Measurement: Number DensityUnit: 1/cm³

Note: Value should be greater than 0.

Formulas to find Electron Density

Operating Frequency

The Operating frequency refers to the number of occurrences of a periodic event per time and is measured in cycles/second.

Symbol: f_o

Measurement: FrequencyUnit: Hz

Note: Value should be greater than 0.

Formulas to find Operating Frequency

sqrt

A square root function is a function that takes a non-negative number as an input and returns the square root of the given input number.

Syntax: sqrt(Number)

Other formulas in Wave Propagation category

Go Critical Frequency of Ionosphere

F c = 9 \cdot \sqrt{N max}

Go Electron Density

N max = \frac{(1 - {η r}^{2}) \cdot {f o}^{2}}{81}

Go Maximum Usable Frequency in F-region

F muf = \frac{f c}{\cos (θ i)}

Go Skip Distance

P d = 2 \cdot h ref \cdot \sqrt{{(\frac{F muf}{f c})}^{2} - 1}

How to Evaluate Refractive Index of Ionosphere?

Refractive Index of Ionosphere evaluator uses Refractive Index = sqrt(1-((81*Electron Density)/Operating Frequency^2)) to evaluate the Refractive Index, The Refractive Index of Ionosphere formula is defined as the measure of bending of a light ray when passing from one medium to another. Refractive Index is denoted by η_r symbol.

How to evaluate Refractive Index of Ionosphere using this online evaluator? To use this online evaluator for Refractive Index of Ionosphere, enter Electron Density (N_max) & Operating Frequency (f_o) and hit the calculate button.

FAQs on Refractive Index of Ionosphere

What is the formula to find Refractive Index of Ionosphere?

The formula of Refractive Index of Ionosphere is expressed as Refractive Index = sqrt(1-((81*Electron Density)/Operating Frequency^2)). Here is an example- 0.905539 = sqrt(1-((81*2E+16)/3000000000^2)).

How to calculate Refractive Index of Ionosphere?

With Electron Density (N_max) & Operating Frequency (f_o) we can find Refractive Index of Ionosphere using the formula - Refractive Index = sqrt(1-((81*Electron Density)/Operating Frequency^2)). This formula also uses Square Root (sqrt) function(s).

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