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Propagation Distance Formula

GoSkip Distance Formula

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Skip distance is defined as the distance b/w transmitting antenna and a point where that wave is first received after reflection from ionosphere. Check FAQs

P d = 2 \cdot h \cdot \sqrt{(\frac{{F muf}^{2}}{{f c}^{2}}) - 1}

P_d - Skip Distance?h - Ionospheric Layer Height?F_muf - Maximum Usable Frequency?f_c - Critical Frequency?

Propagation Distance Example

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Here is how the Propagation Distance equation looks like with Values.

Here is how the Propagation Distance equation looks like with Units.

Here is how the Propagation Distance equation looks like.

21714.0026 = 2 \cdot 1169.985 \cdot \sqrt{(\frac{420^{2}}{45^{2}}) - 1}

21714.0026m = 2 \cdot 1169.985m \cdot \sqrt{(\frac{{420Hz}^{2}}{{45Hz}^{2}}) - 1}

21714.0026 = 2 \cdot 1169.985 \cdot \sqrt{(\frac{420^{2}}{45^{2}}) - 1}

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Antenna and Wave Propogation » fx Propagation Distance

Propagation Distance Solution

Follow our step by step solution on how to calculate Propagation Distance?

FIRST Step Consider the formula

P d = 2 \cdot h \cdot \sqrt{(\frac{{F muf}^{2}}{{f c}^{2}}) - 1}

Next Step Substitute values of Variables

∴

P d = 2 \cdot 1169.985m \cdot \sqrt{(\frac{{420Hz}^{2}}{{45Hz}^{2}}) - 1}

Next Step Prepare to Evaluate

∴

P d = 2 \cdot 1169.985 \cdot \sqrt{(\frac{420^{2}}{45^{2}}) - 1}

Next Step Evaluate

∴

P d = 21714.0026268189m

LAST Step Rounding Answer

∴

P d = 21714.0026m

Propagation Distance Formula Elements

Variables

Functions

Skip Distance

Skip distance is defined as the distance b/w transmitting antenna and a point where that wave is first received after reflection from ionosphere.

Symbol: P_d

Measurement: LengthUnit: m

Note: Value should be greater than 0.

Formulas to find Skip Distance

Ionospheric Layer Height

Ionospheric Layer Height is defined as the height of ionospheric layer.

Symbol: h

Measurement: LengthUnit: m

Note: Value should be greater than 0.

Formulas to find Ionospheric Layer Height

Maximum Usable Frequency

Maximum Usable frequency is the highest radio frequency that can be used for transmission between two points via reflection from the ionosphere.

Symbol: F_muf

Measurement: FrequencyUnit: Hz

Note: Value can be positive or negative.

Formulas to find Maximum Usable Frequency

Critical Frequency

Critical frequency is the highest magnitude of frequency above which the waves penetrate the ionosphere and below which the waves are reflected back from the ionosphere.

Symbol: f_c

Measurement: FrequencyUnit: Hz

Note: Value should be greater than 0.

Formulas to find Critical Frequency

sqrt

A square root function is a function that takes a non-negative number as an input and returns the square root of the given input number.

Syntax: sqrt(Number)

Other Formulas to find Skip Distance

Go Skip Distance

P d = 2 \cdot h ref \cdot \sqrt{{(\frac{F muf}{f c})}^{2} - 1}

Other formulas in Wave Propagation category

Go Critical Frequency of Ionosphere

F c = 9 \cdot \sqrt{N max}

Go Electron Density

N max = \frac{(1 - {η r}^{2}) \cdot {f o}^{2}}{81}

Go Refractive Index of Ionosphere

η r = \sqrt{1 - (\frac{81 \cdot N max}{{f o}^{2}})}

Go Maximum Usable Frequency in F-region

F muf = \frac{f c}{\cos (θ i)}

How to Evaluate Propagation Distance?

Propagation Distance evaluator uses Skip Distance = 2*Ionospheric Layer Height*sqrt((Maximum Usable Frequency^2/Critical Frequency^2)-1) to evaluate the Skip Distance, The Propagation Distance formula is defined as the distance required by the wave to propagate smoothly without loss. Skip Distance is denoted by P_d symbol.

How to evaluate Propagation Distance using this online evaluator? To use this online evaluator for Propagation Distance, enter Ionospheric Layer Height (h), Maximum Usable Frequency (F_muf) & Critical Frequency (f_c) and hit the calculate button.

FAQs on Propagation Distance

What is the formula to find Propagation Distance?

The formula of Propagation Distance is expressed as Skip Distance = 2*Ionospheric Layer Height*sqrt((Maximum Usable Frequency^2/Critical Frequency^2)-1). Here is an example- 21714 = 2*1169.985*sqrt((420^2/45^2)-1).

How to calculate Propagation Distance?

With Ionospheric Layer Height (h), Maximum Usable Frequency (F_muf) & Critical Frequency (f_c) we can find Propagation Distance using the formula - Skip Distance = 2*Ionospheric Layer Height*sqrt((Maximum Usable Frequency^2/Critical Frequency^2)-1). This formula also uses Square Root (sqrt) function(s).

What are the other ways to Calculate Skip Distance?

Here are the different ways to Calculate Skip Distance-

Skip Distance=2*Reflection Height*sqrt((Maximum Usable Frequency/Critical Frequency)^2-1)

Can the Propagation Distance be negative?

No, the Propagation Distance, measured in Length cannot be negative.

Which unit is used to measure Propagation Distance?

Propagation Distance is usually measured using the Meter[m] for Length. Millimeter[m], Kilometer[m], Decimeter[m] are the few other units in which Propagation Distance can be measured.

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Propagation Distance Formula

​GoSkip Distance Formula

Propagation Distance Example

Propagation Distance Solution

Propagation Distance Formula Elements

Other Formulas to find Skip Distance

Other formulas in Wave Propagation category

How to Evaluate Propagation Distance?

FAQs on Propagation Distance

Variable Name

GoSkip Distance Formula