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Electron Density Formula

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Electron Density refers to the concentration or number of electrons per unit volume in a given material or medium. Check FAQs

N max = \frac{(1 - {η r}^{2}) \cdot {f o}^{2}}{81}

N_max - Electron Density?η_r - Refractive Index?f_o - Operating Frequency?

Electron Density Example

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With units

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Here is how the Electron Density equation looks like with Values.

Here is how the Electron Density equation looks like with Units.

Here is how the Electron Density equation looks like.

2E+10 = \frac{(1 - {0.905}^{2}) \cdot {3E+9}^{2}}{81}

2E+101/cm³ = \frac{(1 - {0.905}^{2}) \cdot {3E+9Hz}^{2}}{81}

2E+10 = \frac{(1 - {0.905}^{2}) \cdot {3E+9}^{2}}{81}

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Electron Density Solution

Follow our step by step solution on how to calculate Electron Density?

FIRST Step Consider the formula

N max = \frac{(1 - {η r}^{2}) \cdot {f o}^{2}}{81}

Next Step Substitute values of Variables

∴

N max = \frac{(1 - {0.905}^{2}) \cdot {3E+9Hz}^{2}}{81}

Next Step Prepare to Evaluate

∴

N max = \frac{(1 - {0.905}^{2}) \cdot {3E+9}^{2}}{81}

Next Step Evaluate

∴

N max = 2.01083333333333E+161/m³

Next Step Convert to Output's Unit

∴

N max = 20108333333.33331/cm³

LAST Step Rounding Answer

∴

N max = 2E+101/cm³

Electron Density Formula Elements

Variables

Electron Density

Electron Density refers to the concentration or number of electrons per unit volume in a given material or medium.

Symbol: N_max

Measurement: Number DensityUnit: 1/cm³

Note: Value should be greater than 0.

Formulas to find Electron Density

Refractive Index

The refractive index is the measure of bending of a light ray when passing from one medium to another.

Symbol: η_r

Measurement: NAUnit: Unitless

Note: Value can be positive or negative.

Formulas to find Refractive Index

Operating Frequency

The Operating frequency refers to the number of occurrences of a periodic event per time and is measured in cycles/second.

Symbol: f_o

Measurement: FrequencyUnit: Hz

Note: Value should be greater than 0.

Formulas to find Operating Frequency

Other formulas in Wave Propagation category

Go Critical Frequency of Ionosphere

F c = 9 \cdot \sqrt{N max}

Go Refractive Index of Ionosphere

η r = \sqrt{1 - (\frac{81 \cdot N max}{{f o}^{2}})}

Go Maximum Usable Frequency in F-region

F muf = \frac{f c}{\cos (θ i)}

Go Skip Distance

P d = 2 \cdot h ref \cdot \sqrt{{(\frac{F muf}{f c})}^{2} - 1}

How to Evaluate Electron Density?

Electron Density evaluator uses Electron Density = ((1-Refractive Index^2)*Operating Frequency^2)/81 to evaluate the Electron Density, Electron Density refers to the concentration or number of electrons per unit volume in a given material or medium. Electron Density is denoted by N_max symbol.

How to evaluate Electron Density using this online evaluator? To use this online evaluator for Electron Density, enter Refractive Index (η_r) & Operating Frequency (f_o) and hit the calculate button.

FAQs on Electron Density

What is the formula to find Electron Density?

The formula of Electron Density is expressed as Electron Density = ((1-Refractive Index^2)*Operating Frequency^2)/81. Here is an example- 20108.33 = ((1-0.905^2)*3000000000^2)/81.

How to calculate Electron Density?

With Refractive Index (η_r) & Operating Frequency (f_o) we can find Electron Density using the formula - Electron Density = ((1-Refractive Index^2)*Operating Frequency^2)/81.

Can the Electron Density be negative?

No, the Electron Density, measured in Number Density cannot be negative.

Which unit is used to measure Electron Density?

Electron Density is usually measured using the 1 per Cubic Centimeter[1/cm³] for Number Density. 1 per Cubic Meter[1/cm³] are the few other units in which Electron Density can be measured.

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