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Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence Formula

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Critical Frequency refers to the highest frequency at which a radio wave can be transmitted vertically and still be refracted back to the Earth's surface. Check FAQs

F cr = 9 \cdot \sqrt{N max}

F_cr - Critical Frequency?N_max - Maximum Electron Density?

Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence Example

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Here is how the Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence equation looks like with Values.

Here is how the Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence equation looks like with Units.

Here is how the Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence equation looks like.

6.49 = 9 \cdot \sqrt{0.52}

6.49Hz = 9 \cdot \sqrt{0.52electrons/m³}

6.49 = 9 \cdot \sqrt{0.52}

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Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence Solution

Follow our step by step solution on how to calculate Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence?

FIRST Step Consider the formula

F cr = 9 \cdot \sqrt{N max}

Next Step Substitute values of Variables

∴

F cr = 9 \cdot \sqrt{0.52electrons/m³}

Next Step Prepare to Evaluate

∴

F cr = 9 \cdot \sqrt{0.52}

Next Step Evaluate

∴

F cr = 6.48999229583518Hz

LAST Step Rounding Answer

∴

F cr = 6.49Hz

Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence Formula Elements

Variables

Functions

Critical Frequency

Critical Frequency refers to the highest frequency at which a radio wave can be transmitted vertically and still be refracted back to the Earth's surface.

Symbol: F_cr

Measurement: FrequencyUnit: Hz

Note: Value should be greater than 0.

Formulas to find Critical Frequency

Maximum Electron Density

Maximum Electron Density is a term used in the context of the Earth's ionosphere. It refers to the highest concentration of free electrons within a specific layer of the ionosphere.

Symbol: N_max

Measurement: Electron DensityUnit: electrons/m³

Note: Value should be greater than 0.

Formulas to find Maximum Electron Density

sqrt

A square root function is a function that takes a non-negative number as an input and returns the square root of the given input number.

Syntax: sqrt(Number)

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Go Quality Factor

Q = \frac{ω 0 \cdot E max}{P avg}

Go Characteristic Wave Impedance

Z = \frac{ω 0 \cdot μ}{β}

How to Evaluate Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence?

Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence evaluator uses Critical Frequency = 9*sqrt(Maximum Electron Density) to evaluate the Critical Frequency, The Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence refers to the highest frequency at which a radio wave can be transmitted vertically and still be refracted back to the Earth's surface. Critical Frequency is denoted by F_cr symbol.

How to evaluate Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence using this online evaluator? To use this online evaluator for Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence, enter Maximum Electron Density (N_max) and hit the calculate button.

FAQs on Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence

What is the formula to find Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence?

The formula of Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence is expressed as Critical Frequency = 9*sqrt(Maximum Electron Density). Here is an example- 6.489992 = 9*sqrt(0.52).

How to calculate Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence?

With Maximum Electron Density (N_max) we can find Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence using the formula - Critical Frequency = 9*sqrt(Maximum Electron Density). This formula also uses Square Root (sqrt) function(s).

Can the Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence be negative?

No, the Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence, measured in Frequency cannot be negative.

Which unit is used to measure Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence?

Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence is usually measured using the Hertz[Hz] for Frequency. Petahertz[Hz], Terahertz[Hz], Gigahertz[Hz] are the few other units in which Critical Frequency for Vertical Incidence can be measured.

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