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Combined Error Due to Curvature and Refraction Formula

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Combined error is the error obtained when both curvature and refraction effects are considered during surveying. Check FAQs

c_r = 0.0673 \cdot D^{2}

c_r - Combined Error?D - Distance between Two Points?

Combined Error Due to Curvature and Refraction Example

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Here is how the Combined Error Due to Curvature and Refraction equation looks like with Values.

Here is how the Combined Error Due to Curvature and Refraction equation looks like with Units.

Here is how the Combined Error Due to Curvature and Refraction equation looks like.

84.8148 = 0.0673 \cdot {35.5}^{2}

84.8148m = 0.0673 \cdot {35.5m}^{2}

84.8148 = 0.0673 \cdot {35.5}^{2}

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Combined Error Due to Curvature and Refraction Solution

Follow our step by step solution on how to calculate Combined Error Due to Curvature and Refraction?

FIRST Step Consider the formula

c_r = 0.0673 \cdot D^{2}

Next Step Substitute values of Variables

∴

c_r = 0.0673 \cdot {35.5m}^{2}

Next Step Prepare to Evaluate

∴

c_r = 0.0673 \cdot {35.5}^{2}

Next Step Evaluate

∴

c_r = 84.814825m

LAST Step Rounding Answer

∴

c_r = 84.8148m

Combined Error Due to Curvature and Refraction Formula Elements

Variables

Combined Error

Combined error is the error obtained when both curvature and refraction effects are considered during surveying.

Symbol: c_r

Measurement: LengthUnit: m

Note: Value can be positive or negative.

Formulas to find Combined Error

Distance between Two Points

Distance between Two Points is defined as the length of space between two points. For finding the distance when curvature effects are considered, the value must be considered in kilometres.

Symbol: D

Measurement: LengthUnit: m

Note: Value can be positive or negative.

Formulas to find Distance between Two Points

Other formulas in Levelling category

Go Distance between Two points under Curvature and Refraction

D = {(2 \cdot R \cdot c + (c^{2}))}^{\frac{1}{2}}

Go Distance for small errors under Curvature and Refraction

D = \sqrt{2 \cdot R \cdot c}

Go Error Due to Curvature Effect

c = \frac{D^{2}}{2 \cdot R}

Go Correction on Refraction Error

c r = 0.0112 \cdot D^{2}

How to Evaluate Combined Error Due to Curvature and Refraction?

Combined Error Due to Curvature and Refraction evaluator uses Combined Error = 0.0673*Distance between Two Points^2 to evaluate the Combined Error, The Combined Error Due to Curvature and Refraction is defined as the error obtained when both curvature and refraction effect is considered while surveying. Combined Error is denoted by c_r symbol.

How to evaluate Combined Error Due to Curvature and Refraction using this online evaluator? To use this online evaluator for Combined Error Due to Curvature and Refraction, enter Distance between Two Points (D) and hit the calculate button.

FAQs on Combined Error Due to Curvature and Refraction

What is the formula to find Combined Error Due to Curvature and Refraction?

The formula of Combined Error Due to Curvature and Refraction is expressed as Combined Error = 0.0673*Distance between Two Points^2. Here is an example- 84.81482 = 0.0673*35.5^2.

How to calculate Combined Error Due to Curvature and Refraction?

With Distance between Two Points (D) we can find Combined Error Due to Curvature and Refraction using the formula - Combined Error = 0.0673*Distance between Two Points^2.

Can the Combined Error Due to Curvature and Refraction be negative?

Yes, the Combined Error Due to Curvature and Refraction, measured in Length can be negative.

Which unit is used to measure Combined Error Due to Curvature and Refraction?

Combined Error Due to Curvature and Refraction is usually measured using the Meter[m] for Length. Millimeter[m], Kilometer[m], Decimeter[m] are the few other units in which Combined Error Due to Curvature and Refraction can be measured.

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