Lower State Particles in Chemistry Formulas

Lower State Particles is the number of particles present in ground state in epr spectra. And is denoted by N_lower.

Chemistry formulas that make use of Lower State Particles

fxNo. of Particles in Upper State using Boltzmann DistributionGo

What is the Lower State Particles?

Lower State Particles is the number of particles present in ground state in epr spectra.

Can the Lower State Particles be negative?

{YesorNo}, the Lower State Particles, measured in {OutputVariableMeasurementName} {CanorCannot} be negative.

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