Combined Error in Vertical Control Formulas

Combined error is the error obtained when both curvature and refraction effects are considered during surveying. And is denoted by c_r. Combined Error is usually measured using the Meter for Length. Note that the value of Combined Error is always negative.

Formulas to find Combined Error in Vertical Control

fxCombined Error Due to Curvature and RefractionGo

List of variables in Vertical Control formulas

fx Distance between Two Points Go

FAQ

What is the Combined Error?

Combined error is the error obtained when both curvature and refraction effects are considered during surveying. Combined Error is usually measured using the Meter for Length. Note that the value of Combined Error is always negative.

Can the Combined Error be negative?

Yes, the Combined Error, measured in Length can be negative.

What unit is used to measure Combined Error?

Combined Error is usually measured using the Meter[m] for Length. Millimeter[m], Kilometer[m], Decimeter[m] are the few other units in which Combined Error can be measured.

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